What this calculator does
Make a times table for any number, or a full multiplication chart, ready to practise or print. A times table lists one number multiplied by 1, 2, 3 and so on. The 7 times table is 7, 14, 21 and so on, up to 7 × 12 = 84. Learning these facts by heart is a main goal of third-grade math. That's because so much comes after it, from long division and fractions to area and percentages.
This calculator does three jobs. First, it prints any number's table over any range you like, such as the 13 times table from 1 to 20. It can also make a full chart up to 20 × 20, starting with the classic 12 × 12 grid. Second, it works out one practice fact the way students learn to think about it. That means adding groups, splitting a number into easier facts, and turning the fact around. Third, it lists ten mixed-up practice facts with their answers. A learner can cover the answers and test themselves. You can print each table straight from the page.
Where it's used
Why this math matters outside the classroom:
- Buying in packs. A parent buying 7 packs of 8 juice boxes for a party knows from the 7 times table that it adds up to 56 boxes.
- Classroom seating. A teacher arranging 6 rows of 9 desks finds 54 seats, the same as 9 rows of 6.
- Time and money. Someone paid $12 an hour for 8 hours works out 12 × 8 = $96 using 10 × 8 + 2 × 8.
- Area of a room. A 12 ft by 11 ft bedroom has an area of 132 square feet, read straight from a 12 × 12 chart.
- Cooking for a crowd. A cook tripling a recipe that needs 4 eggs uses 3 × 4 = 12 eggs.
Grade level and standards: Grades 3–4; Common Core State Standards for Mathematics 3.OA.C.7, 3.OA.B.5, 4.NBT.B.5. © Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.
How to use it
- Choose whether to show one number's times table or the full multiplication grid.
- For one table, enter the number and the range to multiply it by. 1 to 12 is the usual school range, and up to 100 rows fit at once. For the grid, choose its size.
- Enter a practice fact multiplier to see that fact worked out step by step.
- Read the answer (the product) at the top and check the table or chart below. Then try the practice facts with the answers covered.
What the inputs mean
- Number
- Whole numbers from 0 to 1,000. It picks which times table you see. It's also the first number in the practice fact, in both modes.
- Multiply from
- The first number to multiply by, often 0 or 1.
- Multiply up to
- The last number to multiply by. The table can show up to 100 rows, for example 1 to 100.
- Grid size
- How many rows and columns the chart has: 10 for a 10 × 10 chart, 12 for the classic 12 × 12 chart, up to 20.
- Practice fact: multiply by
- The second number of the practice fact. It's worked out step by step under the answer.
Formula and method
n × m = n + n + … + n (m groups of n) n × m = n × a + n × b, where m = a + b (distributive property) n × m = m × n (commutative property) Grid cell in row r, column c = r × c
In these lines, n and m are the two numbers being multiplied. In the grid, r is the row number and c is the column number. The answer to a multiplication is called the product.
Multiplying by a whole number is adding the same number over and over. 7 × 8 means eight groups of seven: 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 56. That's what a fact means, but it's slow for big numbers.
Splitting one number into two easier parts makes hard facts easy. Eight is 5 + 3, so 7 × 8 is 7 × 5 + 7 × 3 = 35 + 21 = 56. Math books call this the distributive property. For bigger numbers, the calculator splits into tens and ones instead. So 23 × 6 = 20 × 6 + 3 × 6 = 120 + 18 = 138, which is the idea behind long multiplication.
Turning a fact around never changes the answer, so 8 × 7 is also 56. Math books call this the commutative property. Here's the good news: it halves the facts you need to learn. A 12 × 12 chart holds 144 products, but only 78 different facts once each pair is counted once.
Worked example
Show the 7 times table from 1 to 12 and work out the practice fact 7 × 8.
- The table runs 7 × 1 = 7, 7 × 2 = 14, and so on up to 7 × 12 = 84.
- 7 × 8 means eight groups of seven: 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 56.
- Splitting 8 into 5 + 3: 7 × 5 + 7 × 3 = 35 + 21 = 56.
- Turning it around, 8 × 7 is also 56.
Result: 7 × 8 = 56, and the table lists all twelve facts of the 7 times table.
Understanding the result
Patterns in the table make facts easier to remember. Every answer in the 5 times table ends in 0 or 5. In the 9 times table, the digits add up to 9 (9 × 7 = 63, and 6 + 3 = 9), up to 9 × 10. The 11 times table repeats the digit, up to 11 × 9 = 99.
In the full chart, look at the diagonal line from the top-left corner. Its answers are the square numbers 1, 4, 9, 16 and so on. The two halves of the chart on either side of that line are mirror images, because turning a fact around gives the same answer.
Assumptions and limitations
- Only whole numbers are used, as in school times tables.
- The practice facts come from the table's own range, in a fixed mixed-up order.
- Decimals and negative numbers aren't supported. Use the basic calculator for those.
- One table shows at most 100 rows and the grid at most 20 × 20, so the page stays printable.
Frequently asked questions
Which times tables should a child learn first?
Most teachers start with 2, 5 and 10, because the patterns are easy to see. Then they move to 3, 4 and 9, and finish with 6, 7 and 8. Thanks to the turn-around rule, a child who knows 3 × 8 already knows 8 × 3.
Why do some charts stop at 10 and others at 12?
Ten is enough for the facts our number system is built on. Twelve is a long tradition from dozens, feet and inches. Many schools still expect the 11 and 12 tables. Choose whichever size your class uses.
How can I remember the hardest facts like 7 × 8 or 6 × 7?
Build them from facts you know. 7 × 8 is 7 × 5 plus 7 × 3, or 35 + 21 = 56. 6 × 7 is 5 × 7 plus one more 7, or 35 + 7 = 42. The step-by-step working shows this split for any fact.
How do I use the practice facts?
Cover the answers line, then say or write each answer. Uncover and check. The facts come in a mixed-up order, so you can't count up the table to find them. Change the range to focus on the facts you find hardest.
How this calculator is checked
Method: Definition of whole-number multiplication; distributive and commutative properties of multiplication. The calculation is covered by automated tests with known reference values and edge cases. Last updated 2026-10-18. Found a problem? Tell us.
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